| Theory
|
- An integrated
set of propositions that serves as an explanation for a
phenomenon
- Introduced
after a phenomenon has already revealed a systematic set
of uniformities
- A systematic
arrangement of fundamental principles that provide a basis
for explaining certain happenings of life
|
| Examples:
Social Cognitive Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour |
| Model |
- A subclass
of a theory. It provides a plan for investigating and or
addressing a phenomenon
- Does not attempt
to explain the processes underlying learning, but only to
represent them
- Provides
the vehicle for applying the theories
|
| Examples:
Health Belief Model, Transtheoretical Model |
| |
| The
main models and theories utilised can be summarised as follows:
|
1. Those
theories that attempt to explain health behaviour and health
behaviour change by focusing on the individual.
Examples include: |
- Health Belief
Model
- Theory of
Reasoned Action
- Transtheoretical
(stages of change ) Model
- Social Learning
Theory
|
2. Theories
that explain change in communities and community action for
health.
Examples include: |
- Community
mobilisation
- social
planning
- social
action
- community
development
- Diffusion
of innovation
|
3. Models
that explain changes in organisations and the creation of health-
supportive organisational practices.
Examples include: |
| Theories of organisational
change |
 |
Theory |
Focus |
Key concepts |
| Individual
Level |
Stages of Change
Model |
Individual's readiness
to change or attempt to change toward healthy behaviours |
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Decision/determination
Action
Maintenance |
|
Health Belief
Model |
Person's perception
of the threat of a health problem and the appraisal of recommended
behaviour(s) for preventing or managing the problem |
Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits of action
Cues to action
Self-efficacy |
| Interpersonal
Level |
Social Learning
Theory |
Behaviour is explained
via a 3-way, dynamic reciprocal theory in which personal factors,
environmental influences and behaviour continually interact |
Behaviour capability
Reciprocal determinism
Expectations
Self-efficacy
Observational learning
Reinforcement |
| Community Level |
Community Organisation
Theories |
Emphasises active
participation and development of communities that can better
evaluate and solve health and social problems |
Empowerment
Community competence
Participation and relevance
Issue selection
Critical consciousness |
|
Organisational
Change Theory |
Concerns processes
and strategies for increasing the chances that healthy policies
and programmes will be adopted and maintained in formal organisations |
Problem
definition (awareness stage)
Initiation of action (adoption stage)
Implementation of change
Institutionalisation of change |
|
Diffusion of Innovations
Theory |
Addresses how
new ideas, products and social practices spread within a society
or from one society to another |
Relative advantage
Compatibility
Complexity
Trialability
Observability |
As from 1 April 2009 all Health Promotion Agency responsibilities have been transferred to the